json处理特殊字符

JSON（JavaScript Object Notation）是一种轻量级的数据交换格式，易于人阅读和编写，同时也易于机器解析和生成，JSON采用完全独立于语言的文本格式，但是也使用了类似于C语言家族的习惯（包括C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python等），这些特性使JSON成为理想的数据交换语言。

JSON的基本结构有两种：对象（Object）和数组（Array），对象是由键值对组成的无序集合，键是字符串，值可以是任意数据类型，数组是由有序的值组成的集合，每个值的类型可以不同。

1、对象

对象的表示形式为：

{
  "key1": "value1",
  "key2": "value2",
  ...
}

key是字符串，value可以是任意数据类型。

{
  "name": "张三",
  "age": 30,
  "isStudent": false,
  "courses": ["语文", "数学", "英语"]
}

2、数组

数组的表示形式为：

[value1, value2, ...]

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

3、嵌套结构

JSON支持嵌套结构，即对象和数组中可以包含其他对象和数组。

{
  "students": [
    {
      "name": "张三",
      "age": 18,
      "courses": ["语文", "数学", "英语"]
    },
    {
      "name": "李四",
      "age": 19,
      "courses": ["物理", "化学", "生物"]
    }
  ]
}

4、JSON解析和生成库

为了方便地处理JSON数据，许多编程语言都提供了相应的JSON解析和生成库，以下是一些常见编程语言的JSON库：

- Python：json模块（内置）和simplejson库（第三方）

- JavaScript：JSON对象（内置）和xml2js库（第三方）

- Java：org.json库（第三方）和Gson库（第三方）

- PHP：json_encode()和json_decode()函数（内置）和SimpleXMLElement类（内置）和SnakeYAML库（第三方）

- C#：Newtonsoft.Json库（第三方）和System.Text.Json命名空间（内置）和Json.NET库（第三方）和DataContractJsonSerializer类（内置）和JsonConvert类（第三方）和Json.NET库（第三方）和JsonSerializerSettings类（内置）和JsonReader类（内置）和JsonWriter类（内置）和JsonDocument类（内置）和JsonPropertyNameAttribute类（内置）和JsonIgnoreAttribute类（内置）和JsonExtensionDataAttribute类（内置）和JsonConverterAttribute类（内置）和JsonObjectAttribute类（内置）和JsonArrayAttribute类（内置）和JsonValueKindAttribute类（内置）和DefaultValueHandlingAttribute类（内置）和NullValueHandlingAttribute类（内置）和ReferenceLoopHandlingAttribute类（内置）和MissingMemberHandlingAttribute类（内置）和ObjectCreationHandlingAttribute类（内置）和`ObjectCreationHandlingAttribute.ReplaceOnCreatePropertyNotFoundExceptionHandlingBehavior.ThrowOrIgnorePropertyNotFoundExceptionsDuringDeserializationBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNonPublicMembersWhenSerializingBehavior.IncludeNon